शब्द-चयन · C1

Argue, claim, concede, refute, imply

A reporting verb tells the reader how much you believe the source. Argue and contend are neutral about strength but signal a position. Claim quietly withholds agreement. Demonstrate concedes that the evidence is good. Concede and acknowledge admit a point that costs the author something. Choosing the verb is how academic writing takes a position without ever saying "I think".

कौन-सा शब्द, और क्यों

argue

puts a position with reasons — neutral

To state a view and support it with reasoning.

argues that · convincingly argues

claim

states it without proof — the writer stands back

To state something as true when the evidence is not established.

claims that · the disputed claim

assert

states it firmly, without support

To state something confidently but without evidence.

asserts that · a bare assertion

contendformal

argues against an opposing view

To argue a position in the face of disagreement.

contends that · it is contended

maintain

goes on saying it after being challenged

To continue to state a position despite objections.

maintains that · still maintains

concede

admits a point that costs the author something

To admit that part of the opposing case is right.

concedes that · readily concedes

acknowledge

accepts a fact, without giving up the argument

To accept that something is true or exists.

acknowledges that · widely acknowledged

positformal

proposes it as a starting assumption

To put something forward as a basis for reasoning.

posits that · the model posits

suggest

tentative — leaves room to be wrong

To indicate something without stating it as established.

the data suggest · this suggests that

demonstrate

proves it with evidence

To show something to be true beyond reasonable doubt.

demonstrates that · clearly demonstrated

imply

means it without saying it

To communicate something indirectly.

implies that · strongly implied

refute

disproves it with evidence

To prove a statement or a theory wrong.

refutes the claim · comprehensively refuted

dismiss

rejects it without engaging

To reject something as not worth serious consideration.

dismisses the objection · dismissed out of hand

note

mentions it briefly and neutrally

To observe something in passing.

notes that · as the author notes

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